Great Circlesâ€Definition and Examples in Geography

A great circle is defined as any circle drawn on a globe (or another sphere) with a center that includes the center of the globe. Thus, a great circle divides the globe into two equal halves. Since they must follow the circumference of the Earth to divide it, great circles are about 40,000 kilometers (24,854 miles) in length along meridians. At the equator, though, a great circle is a little bit longer as the Earth is not a perfect sphere. In addition, great circles represent the shortest distance between two points anywhere on the Earths surface. Because of this, great circles have been important in navigation for hundreds of years but their presence was discovered by ancient mathematicians. Global Locations of Great Circles Great circles are easilye based on the lines of latitude and longitude. Each line of longitude, or meridian, is the same length and represents half of a great circle. This is because each meridian has a corresponding line on the opposite side of the Earth. When combined, they cut the globe into equal halves, representing a great circle. For example, the Prime Meridian at 0Â ° is half of a great circle. On the opposite side of the globe is the International Date Line at 180Â °. It too represents half of a great circle. When the two are combined, they create a full great circle which cuts the Earth into equal halves. The only line of latitude, or parallel, characterized as a great circle is the equator because it passes through the exact center of the Earth and divides it in half. Lines of latitude north and south of the equator are not great circles because their length decreases as they move toward the poles and they do not pass through Earths center. As such, these parallels are considered small circles. Navigating with Great Circles The most famous use of great circles in geography is for navigation because they represent the shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Due to the earths rotation, sailors and pilots using great circle routes must constantly adjust their route as the heading changes over long distances. The only places on Earth where the heading does not change is on the equator or when traveling due north or south. Because of these adjustments, great circle routes are broken up into shorter lines called Rhumb lines which show the constant compass direction needed for the route being traveled. The Rhumb lines also cross all meridians at the same angle, making them useful for breaking up great circles in navigation. Appearance on Maps To determine great circle routes for navigation or other knowledge, the gnomic map projection is often used. This is the projection of choice because on these maps the arc of a great circle is depicted as a straight line. These straight lines are then often plotted on a map with the Mercator projection for use in navigation because it follows true compass directions and is, therefore, useful in such a setting. It is important to note though that when long distance routes following great circles are drawn on Mercator maps, they look curved and longer than straight lines along the same routes. In reality, though, the longer looking, the curved line is actually shorter because it is on the great circle route. Common Uses of Great Circles Today Today, great circle routes are still used for long distance travel because they are the most efficient way to move across the globe. They are most commonly used by ships and aircraft where wind and water currents are not a significant factor though because currents like the jet stream are often more efficient for long distance travel than following the great circle. For example in the northern hemisphere, planes traveling west normally follow a great circle route that moves into the Arctic to avoid having to travel in the jet stream when going the opposite direction as its flow. When traveling east, however, it is more efficient for these planes to use the jet stream as opposed to the great circle route. Whatever their use, though, great circle routes have been an important part of navigation and geography for hundreds of years and knowledge of them is essential for long distance travel across the globe.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Treatment Essay examples

Breast Cancer What would you do if you found out you had breast cancer? Who would you tell first? How would you deal with it? The diagnosis of breast cancer is becoming more common today; we need to know what the symptoms are, and how to help prevent it. Breast cancer is the leading reason of death in women in the United States; it has increased greatly over the last 30 years. Many people wonder why it has increased so much in the last few years, and there are many reasons that it has. Breast cancer is a malignant, metastasizing tumor of the mammary gland. It is the leading cause of death in women between the ages of 35 and 45 years old, but it is most common in women over the age of 50. Almost 90% of all breast cancer begins in the†¦show more content†¦Age plays a very big part in the risk factors of breast cancer (Risks and Prevention). Being female also affects your risk of getting breast cancer. Being female is the most important risk factor for getting breast cancer. Although men can develop breast cancer, it is about 100 times more common among women (Risks and Prevention). Inherited genetic mutations can also increase your risk for breast cancer, although it is not very common today. It is most common among Jewish men and women. Researchers discovered that only about 2% of men and women who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States have a link to genetic mutations in their family. It is most common among Jewish men and women (Types of Breast Cancer). Childbearing is another factor that affects your risk of developing breast cancer. The link between having children and developing breast cancer is very complex. Both the number of children you gave birth to, and the age you were when you had your first child have a big affect on your risk. If you haven’t had any children yet, your risk will be lower than a woman who has had five children, and is expecting again (Risks and Prevention). Many studies have been done that support the link between drinking alcohol and breast cancer risk. Alcohol is very bad for your body; it causes bloodShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer Is Not Just A Single Disease? Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is not just a single disease. It may come in different types. One particular type and the most common is the invasive ductal carcinoma or the infiltrating ductal carcinoma. This is cancer that invades the surrounding breast tissues as it breaks through walls of the milk duct. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is another type of cancer. This is non-invasive, meaning it does not spread to the surrounding breast tissues. Another type is the triple negative breast cancer. This happens whenRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreEssay on Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer1696 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Treatment of Breast Cancer nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year;Read MoreThe Fatal Disease of Breast Cancer1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the second most fatal cancer among women today. Breast cancer is when the breast cell’s get out of control and grows too much, then create a tumor, which may or may not be malignant (cancerous). Risk factors are very important information for individuals to know so that there is a clearer picture of the risks. Signs and symptoms are also a part of the information an individual needs to be aware of to aid in the discovery of breast cancer. For women who have been diagnosedRead MoreA Brief Look at Breast Cancer Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesBREAST CANCER Introduction/Background Cancer is characterized by unregulated/uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. The etiological factors of Cancer include both external factors (tobacco, infectious organisms, chemicals, and radiation) and inherent factors (inherited mutations, hormones, immune conditions, and mutations that occur from metabolism). The etiological factors may act together or in sequence to trigger the development of cancer. It may take several years for the manifestationRead MoreSymptoms and Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesSymptoms and Treatment of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and has the highest fatality rate of all cancers affecting this sex. It is the leading cause of death among women aged 35-54. In 1999 an estimated 175,000 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. That is one woman every three minutes. At the same time 43,000 will die, at the rate of one every two minutes. The incidence of men diagnosed with breast cancer is rare, however it does occur. ApproximatelyRead MoreA Study On Breast Cancer843 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women (Up to Date, 2014). The associated risk can be as high as 12% for every woman in the United States, regardless of family history (American Cancer Society, 2013). For this reason, care begins with patient education, risk stratification, and preventative medicine. The paper will review preventative options, risk stratification based on genetics and age, and breast cancer treatmentRead MoreCauses And Treatments Of Breast Cancer1587 Words   |  7 PagesWHAT IS CANCER? Cancer can be said to be a generic term for a large collection of diseases that can have an effect on any part of the body, it can be sometimes called malignant tumors and neoplasms. In other words, cancer can be defined as the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their normal boundaries, which are capable of invading adjoining parts of the body and spread through to the organs. However, this process is referred to as metastasis, which is the major cause of death fromRead MoreWomen ´s Health Breast Cancer Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Cancer and Women’s Health Breast Cancer is defined as â€Å"a group of solid tumor malignancies arising in the tissues of the breast† (Sarah Crawford, Richard Alder, 2013) in human and other mammals. It can happen to both men and women. For women, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. According to National Cancer Institute, in the United States, the 2014 estimated new cases and deaths of female from breast cancer are 232,670 and 40,000, respectively. For male, it’s 430 deathsRead MoreEssay Breast Cancer1675 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease that is becoming more and more popular in this day of age. One in every eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer (Breast Cancer, 2010). Women and men who suffer from breast cancer not only are fighting cancer but are also fighting the psychological aspects of the disease. Breast Cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among women in the United States right behind skin cancer. Women are now surviving breast cancer a lot more frequently because

Political views in An Inspector Calls Essay Example For Students

Political views in An Inspector Calls Essay Priestleys Political views in An Inspector Calls  It is made clear in this essay that Priestley uses the play to promote socialism, as the play revolves around society, as each person has their own link to the death of Eva Smith, and so the blame is shared. Priestley also presents the idea of capitalism, through the voice of Mr. Birling, but is soon made a fool of as he states ridiculous things which have already been determined, such the defining the Titanic as unsinkable. It is also essential how this essay states the time periods of when the play was set, as it provides an overview of additional background information, from which one can undertake the social and economic status at the time. Also the added emphasis over the staging devices used is highly essential, as this shows the gestures displayed between the various characters within the play, and can highlight a key aspect linked to their behavioural status. The juxtaposition between the Inspector and Mr. Birling is also stated, and it emphasises the fact that their views constantly oppose each other, and Priestley uses this as a dramatic device. This essay really emphasises on the dramatic devices that Priestley uses to convey his various views, and is really effective, as it enables the audience to understand the nature of the play in an easier manner, and is more appealing. The quotes used are very helpful in undermining the specific point applied to the statement, and it provides evidence for the event occurring. It is also very interesting how the different views of Eric and Sheila are provided, in comparison to those of Mr. Birling and Mrs. Birling, and it indicates a divide between the younger generation and the older generation. The use of how tension is used throughout the play is also a very good point, as it appears that something is about to happen next, and it raises questions in the readers minds. It is also evident that Priestley uses tension as a dramatic device in order to keep the audience interested and anxious to find out more, and so to alert his socialist message. He also adds tension by using a consistent amount of repetition, and this is done by the Inspector constantly reminding the Birlings about various facts and repeats many statements numerous times. There is also a lot of description dedicated to the different social classes at the time, and this provides a clear image of how these different people differed in wealth. The conclusion in the end summarises the play as a whole, and describes all the different aspects of it, from the play being a murder mystery to the different political views at the time.

Australia Law of North V Marra Developments Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Australia Law of North V Marra Developments Ltd (1981). Answer: introduction The leading case of North V Marra Developments Ltd (1981) was decided by the High Court of Australia on 9th December 1981. The Honble Stephen, Mason, Murphy, Aickin and Wilson JJ decided the case against the Appellant and in favor of the Respondant. Facts of the case As per the fact of the case, the Appellants are the member of a stock broking firm (Sydney Stock Exchange Ltd). The Appellants were initially trading in the name of NORTHS but are now considered as J. J. NORTH. In 1954, Marra (Respondent) was incorporated as a public company. There were various rural properties that were acquired by Marra in 1974 in New South Wales. Its ninety three percent issued and paid up capital was held by 5 families. The shares of the company were listed on Sydney Stock Exchange. But, prior to 1974 the true value of the company assets were not depicted with the help of the balance sheets of the company or the market value of the assets. Considering with the situation, the Appellants in around December 1972-February 1974 submitted that there is a need that market capitalization of the asset must be done so that the true value of the Marra assets can be determined. There were three recommendations that were given by the Appellant and all the three were accepted by the Respondent. It is alleged by J. J. NORTH that they have provided advisory services regarding the reorganization of the capital of Marra Developments Ltd. ("Marra") and advised on the takeover of Marra upon Scottish Australia Holdings Ltd. ("Scottish") and thus they are eligible for remunerations and the interest thereon from the Respondents. (Jade, 2017) Issue Thus the main issue that was developed from the facts of the case was whether the Appellant is liable to claim the remuneration with interest from the Respondent. Now, because of the acts that are undertaken by the appellant and the Respondent, the major duty that was violated is submitted herein under. The duties/responsibilities breached That the agreement amid the Appellant and the Respondent to carry out the scheme and the carrying out the scheme itself (of capitalization and takeover) are in violation of section 70 of the Securities Industry Act 1970 of New South Wales. The scheme itself and its conduct both are illegal in nature. (Armson, 2009) Because of the act, there is violation of section 1041A (Price Manipulation) and section 1041B of the Corporation Act 2001 (False Trading and Market Rigging). Reasons why the duties were breached The main reason because of which the duties were considered to be violated are: The acts of the appellant were against the statutory prohibition (section 1041A and section 1041B of the Act) and thus the actions were illegal so they are not permitted to take advantage of any statutory wrong; The Appellant presented a plan which was approved by the Respondents, wherein, share capital is restricted and the takeover must be on the basis of share to share basis. The prices of the shares are increased by appellant involvement of buying the shares. The three documents that are made by the appellant to the stock exchange proceed of the shares were also not true and are found to be misleading in nature. The actions of the Respondent and the appellant have resulted in enhancing the market price of the company so that there is completion of takeover. That the agreement that is submitted by the Appellant is illegal and is not enforceable as it is in violation of section 70and71of theActand the common law; Decision of the Court Supreme Court of New South Wales The Appellant filed a case, however, the same is rejected by the Supreme Court of New South Wales. It is submitted but Meares J, that the argument of the defendant that the acts of the Appellant involves illegality is valid as the acts are in violation of section 70 of the Securities Industry Act 1970. Court of appeal The Appellant filed an appeal to the Court of Appeal. The Court of Appeal also dismissed the appeal of the appellant, Against the decisions of the Court of Appeal, the Appellant filed the present appeal. High Court On 9th December 1981 the Honble Stephen, Mason, Murphy, Aickin and Wilson JJ submitted that the proposal which is recommended by the Appellant and which is later carried out by both the appellant and the defendant regarding the purchase/sale on the Stock Exchange in the Respondent is not found to be legal. It is decided that the agreement to carry out the scheme and the carrying out the scheme itself are in violation of section 70 of the Securities Industry Act 1970 of New South Wales. The scheme itself and its conduct both are illegal in nature. The court also held that the actions of the parties are not such which resulted in considering the same as conspiracy to deceive. Thus, the amount that is claimed by the Appellant cannot be recovered and the appeal stands dismissed. Reasons for the decisions and critically analyses of the decision The High Court decided that the amount that is claimed by the Appellant cannot be recovered and the appeal stands dismissed. The main reasons that are attributed by the High Court which form the basis of the decision is submitted below and is critically analyzed: (O'Connell, 2013) In the Corporation Act 2001, considering the observations that are made Mason J and the changes under the 1980 Act, few variations were made regarding the market rigging and the false market provisions. There were few amendments that were made to section 998 of the corporation Act 2001. It was found that the Respondent considered itself vulnerable to takeover mainly because its net assets value per share was slightly more that its existing market price. It is on the advice of the Appellant that it proposed bonus issues and the merger. The merger was on the basis of share to share and the shares of the takeover company was at a better price and thus it is required that the shares of the Respondent company must be boosted. The assume share price of the Respondent was used to calculate the share exchange ratio. The stockbrokers (Appellants) keep on buying the shares of the company in small volumes in order to increase the price of the respondent company and finally the takeover was successful. Later the Appellants claimed remuneration for their services provided. Because of the above facts, it is submitted by Mason J that any activity which gave the market false or misleading appearance is prohibited under statue. The acts of the appellant were against the statutory prohibition and thus the actions were illegal so they are not permitted to take advantage of any statutory wrong; That there is a plan that is presented by the appellant and which was approved by the Respondents. The plans include that there should be restricting of the defendants share capital, that they would establish the share price of the Respondents on the Sydney stock exchange @$16.50 or thereabouts and the takeover must be on the basis of share to share basis. The prices of the Respondent shares are increased because of the appellant involvement of buying the shares so that the takeover takes place adequately. These actions of the appellant were not regarded as legal in concern with section 70 of the 1970 act (E.T. Fisher Co. Pty. Ltd. v. English Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd.(1940). Also, the three documents that are made by the appellant to the stock exchange proceed of the shares were also not true and are found to be misleading in nature. The price of the share @$16.50 was referred as the "market sale price", sale price",, "market price" and "market value". Even though theses terms were used there is no evidence to the extent and the nature of the appellants actions in the market and thus it can misguide the reader of the document regarding the importance that is attached with the price of the shares((Scott v. Brown, Doering, McNab Co.(1892). That the court found that section 70 aims at protecting the market for securities against any kind of manipulation or artificial dealing. There must be true demand and supply by the parties to the stock exchange. It is not true that the aim of the section is only to curb colorable or fictitious transactions. Those transactions which are not on the face of it are found to be colorable but are in fact are on the nature that they might mislead or create a false market price of the shares will defiantly come within the preview of section 70 of the Act. The actions of the Respondent with the help of the appellant which has resulted in enhancing the market price of the company of the respondent so that there is completion of takeover is an act which in contract to the provisions of section 70 of the Act. Thus, an illegal act cannot justify any benefits to be accrued in favor of the default. So, the appellant itself at fault cannot claim remuneration for an illegal act. The court held that the appeal of the appellant is not found to be favorable not because the agreement in which they are relying is in violation of section 70 but mainly because the actions in which they indulged into are itself illegal in nature. It is submitted by the court that the main object of the plaintiff in buying shares of the Respondent at premium so that they can deceive the public but in fact it is the Respondents themselves who are buying the shares in the shield of the Appellants. The main object of the purchase is to cheat the public by providing a false image of the share price of the Resonant. So, on those grounds it is decided by the High court that the appellant is not rightful in suing the Respondents and claim their remunerations on the basis that the acts in which they indulge into are itself illegal in nature. The relevance of the decision to the development of Australian corporations law In the leading case there were series of observations that were made in relation to section 70 of the 1970 Act. Mainly the interpretation of the section signifies that there must be presence of some element in order for the application of the section. Thelaw submitted by Majon J is now not applicable in the current law. however, based on the observations that are made by the Honble Judhe there were changes that were brought in Securities Industry Act 1980 (Cth) (1980 Act). (O'Connell, 2013) In the Corporation Act 2001, considering the observations that are made Mason J and the changes under the 1980 Act, few variations were made regarding the market rigging and the false market provisions. There were few amendments that were made to section 998 of the corporation Act 2001. The words of the section 998 (1) submits that [a] person must not create, or do anything that is intended or likely to create the requisite false or misleading appearance. With the introduction of these changes the fundamental of likelihood is introduced; Few changes were also made under section 998 (5); However, again the market rigging and the false trading provisions were amended by the Financial Services Reform Act 2001 (Cth). The main changes that are brought in are that civil penalty provisions are made under Part 9.4B which includes few misconduct provisions inclusive of market rigging and false trading in (section 1041B of the corporation Act 2001) This change has reflect a doubt that it is very troublesome and expensive for the law to be applied by applying criminal standard of proof and it is more efficient and appropriate to apply the civil sanctions. Thus, now civil case can be brought which is based on the violation of section 1041B (1) by complying with civil standards of the balance of probabilities and there is no need for the establishment of any kind of fault or intention. Now if there is violation of section 1041 B (1) then a liability of @ $200,000 be imposed to an individual and @ $1 million for a body corporate. Thus, the leading case of North V Marra Developments Ltd and with the current reforms that are brought in then there is no need for the establishment of any kind of fault or intention. References Books/Articles/Journals Ann O'Connell (2013) Protecting the Integrity of Securities Markets What is an Artificial Price?: DPP (Cth) v JM, Melbourne Law School. Emma Armson (2009) False Trading and Market Rigging in Australia,Corporate Law Teachers Association Conference, ANU College of Law. Legislation Companies Act 1961. Securities Industry Act 1970 (NSW) Case laws E.T. Fisher Co. Pty. Ltd. v. English Scottish and Australian Bank Ltd.(1940) 64 CLR 84 North V Marra Developments Ltd (1981). Scott v. Brown, Doering, McNab Co.(1892) 2 QB 724 Online Material Jade (2017) North V Marra Developments Ltd (1981) (Online). Available at: https://jade.io/article/66955. Accessed on 1st October 2017.

Poverty Project Essay Example

Poverty Project Essay There are so many things weve seen or heard about poverty. We have heard stories, read about it in newspapers, and most of the time we have seen it on the television. We are all aware that there are thousands of people suffering from poverty; whether they are black, white an elderly person, or young innocent child. Although we are attentive towards the subject of poverty, we hardly ever do anything about it. The things we see on the news or read in the newspapers about people dieing because of poverty seem so unrealistic to our naive minds that we dont think to take a little time out of our day to actually try to help and perhaps make a difference in someones life. Years, weeks, and days have passed with someone dying because of poverty or someone looked down upon because of poverty. What is the societys definition of poverty? Who are the poor in our country today? Well, the original definition of poverty is: 1. the state of being poor; lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts. 2. unproductiveness; infertility: the poverty of the soil. 3. Renunciation made by a member of a religious order of the right to own property. The societys definition of being poor would be a homeless man with unreasonable dirty clothes, lack of education, living on the streets with a cup of some sort and asking for money from the people who walk by. Society today has categorized poor people and many of us have turned away from them and have begun to neglect the fact that they are people, too, and that they are in need of help. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The society has mistaken the poor for being filthy with worthless. We look down upon them as if it were their own fault. Yes, some poor people might have had the opportunity to make something of themselves, but what about the ones who didnt have an opportunity? What about the people who tried to make something of themselves but never got a chance because they were raised into a poor family? We never ask ourselves that; we just turn our heads with no guilt or pity thinking it was their own fault, giving them no credit for anything at all. We need to embrace the love of the poor, meaning we need to take the good in with the bad. We are all people, some may be wealthier than others, but we need to come together as a union and help each other live. For if we dont help each other live and make the world a better place, then this world would be in shambles. We have to embody it in our lives and not look down on the poor but look at them as our brothers and sisters that need help and support from each and every one of us. Whether we start a food drive, donate clothes, or money; these acts of kindness may impact their lives in such a way that gives them hope that they can still change their lives for the better. A single act of kindness is never wasted. The smallest gestures can make the biggest difference in an individuals life.

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Essay Example

Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Essay Example Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Paper Compare and contrast Cousin Kate and The Birthday by Christina Rosseti Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Poetry Song of Solomon Christina Rosseti was an 19th century poet. She was born in London on the 5th December 1830 to Gabriele and Frances Rosseti. In 1848 she became engaged to James Collinson, one of the pre-Raphaelite brethren. The engagement fell through when he became Roman Catholic. From the early 1860s on she was in love with Charles Cayley but refused to marry him because he was not a Christian and Milk-and-water Anglicanism was not to her taste. She was proud of her expertise at the game of chess that she liked to win but felt guilt at taking pleasure in winning. So she gave up chess because she enjoyed it so much. She also pasted paper strips over the antireligous parts of Swinburnes Atalanta in Calydon; objected to nudity in paintings, especially if the artist was a women; and refused to go see Wagners Parsifal, because it celebrated a pagan mythology. My heart is like a singing bird Whose nest is in a watered shoot: My heart is like an apple-tree Whose boughs are bent with thickset fruit; My heart is like a rainbow shell That paddles in a halcyon sea; My heart is gladder than all these Because my love is come to me. The simile used in the first verse are all derived from beauty as it might be seen to be expressed in nature. The poem is all joyful and uplifting. In view of the poets evangelical christian convictions it seems likely that the love referred to is the agape love referred to in the New Testament rather than sexual or romantic love. And that this was the poets intention. However a powerful repressed erotic component can be easily attributed to this verse. For example, if the term heart is substituted, then comparisons to watered shoots, thickset fruit and rainbow shells have a powerful sexual element. In that fruit is only produced by a plant for reproduction. On the other hand, taken at face value the poem has a lyrical brightness. Possibly in an era when Victorian sexual prudery is widely believed to mask desperate sexual repression dark and lustful motives are found where none actually exist. Raise me a dais of silk and down; Hang it with vair and purple dyes; Carve it in doves and pomegrantes, And peacocks with a hundred eyes; Work it in gold and silver grapes In leaves and silver fleurs-de-lys; Because the birthday of my life Is come, my love is come to me. In the second verse the imagery becomes more religious, and perhaps more sinister. The dias described sound like the exotic trappings of royalty as described in the old testament, particularly when associated with the colour purple. Although the furniture described may seem to resemble a throne it could also resemble a Hindu funeral bier. The references to peacocks and pomegranets seems particularly and evocatively Eastern, althuough it is also probably influenced by her reading of the Book of Solomon. Also the reference to the peacocks with a hundred eyes could have a meaning as being a sign of fertility or other sexual reference because the peacocks tail is only their to attract a mate and falls out after the mating season. Although this could also show eastern richness. The association of beauty with fertility thickset fruit, and choice fruits (Solomon 4:13) is imagery typical of this portion of the Old Testament. There is some evidence from accounts the poet had been in love with both Collison and Cayley during her life. Although they were romantically inclined she seemed not to have returned these feelings. The way the poem The Birthday is laid out seemed to send out the message that she is in love with Brett or she enjoys being chased by him. Brett an artist friend of her brother had apparently declared within it the commentators have proposed that this poem that is inspired by her relationship his love notion that it is she not the lover who is in the dominant position here. It seems not unreasonable that her pleasure at being in the dominant position in a romantic series of encounters with a man who desired her should be expressed in poetry, but the true feelings disguised in a religious allegory. In either case she feels guilt for doing so. Because of this she has disguised her feeling in the poem by suggesting she is going to die or has died and that her love is the love of God. Cousin Kate I was a cottage maiden, Hardened by sun and air, Contented with my cottage mates, Not mindful I was fair. Why did a great lord find me out And praise my flaxen hair? Why did a great lord find me out To fill my heart with care? This is a narrative poem that tells of a girl who goes from being a poor maiden to a mother of a lords son. The first thing we learn about the narrator, in the first stanza is that she is a maiden so she is unmarried and young. The lines hardened by sun and air suggest she lives out in the country and her family works the land. He lured me to his palace home- Woes me for joy thereof- To lead a shameless, shameful life, His plaything and his love. He wore me like a silken knot, He changed me like a glove; So now I moan, an unclean thing, Who might have been a dove. The way the second stanza starts saying the narrator was lured to the lords palace shows she was tricked into coming close and she feels like his prey. Thus is because a lure is something used when hunting to get the prey close enough to catch. The two lines describing the lord wearing her like a silken knot and changed me like a glove show how the narrator has been dehumanized and used. The narrator sees herself as an unclean thing because she was the Lords lover outside of marriage and this was scorned upon when the poem was written (the Victorian era). The narrator goes on to say she might have been a dove meaning all good and pure. The dove was associated with all things good because according to the holy Bible when john baptized Jesus the Baptist a dove appeared in the sky above them and the voice of god was heard. This also reflects back to Christina Rossettis belief in Christianity. O Lady Kate, my cousin Kate, You grew more fair than I. He saw you at your fathers gate, Chose you and cast me by. He watched your steps along the lane, Your work among the rye: He lifted you from mean estate To sit with him on high. The narrator addresses her cousin as Lady Kate because she is now married to a Lord and has gained the tittle of Lady. The narrator tends to blame the lord for whats happened because she refers to him doing everything like He lured me and He wore me showing how he used her. However the narrator also blames herself for what happened because she went willingly. Because you were so good and pure He bound you with his ring: The neighbours call you good and pure, Call me an outcast thing. Even so I sit and howl in dust, You sit in gold and sing: Now which of us has tenderer heart? You had the stronger wing. Here the narrator compares herself to her cousin Kate. She says Kate is good and pure whereas she referees to herself as an outcast thing. The last sentence, you had the stronger wing shows that the narrator believes Kate had better means than she did to get to a higher social position. Kate goes from being a cottage maiden to a lady. The question Now which of us has tenderer heart? shows that the narrator believes her love was stronger than cousin Kates. The second line of the fifth stanza reinforces this; your love was writ in sand. If something is written in sand then its there for all to see but is soon washed away. So the narrator is partly blaming her cousin here. O cousin Kate, my love was true. Your love was writ in sand: If he had fooled not me but you, If you stood where I stand, Hed not have won me with his love, Nor bought me with his land: I would have spit into his face And not have taken his hand. Here the narrator seems to partly blame her cousin for whats happened and says that if she had been in Kates place she wouldnt have married the Lord She would have spit into his face, and what Kate did wasnt right. She also blames the lord for what happened saying how he fooled her. This seemed to say that the lord led her to believe he loved her and would marry her but was only using her. Yet Ive a gift you have not got, And seem not like to get: For all your cloths and wedding ring Ive little dought you fret. My fair haired son, my shame, my pride, Cling closer, closer yet: Your father would give lands for one To wear his coronet. This is where the story is brought to an end, although the narrator seems to have nothing left we now learn that she is a mother but Kate is not and may never be. For the Victorian times when Christina Rosette was writing people frowned greatly on nudity and sexual references (they even covered the legs of tables so the sight of a naked leg didnt shock women). So she must have suffered great criticism for most of her work including The Birthday and Cousin Kate. These poems are both about love but are hard to compare, as the Birthday is purely about emotion where as the Cousin Kate poem is narrative. Both poems talk about love. The Birthday talks about positive things and Cousin Kate is negative, from the narrators point of view she has lost everything because she loved the lord. Christina Rosetti was very inflexible so why would she write such strong poems with what would seem sexual references when she objected to nudity in paintings? Perhaps the birthday is like the Song of Solomon in that it describes what appear to be sexual things but is actually talking about beauty, the beauty of Gods kingdom.

Plan for Your Professional Development Assignment

Plan for Your Professional Development - Assignment Example It should be noted here that education is a constantly evolving field and one needs to be aware of the recent trends and changes in order to educate effectively and efficiently. Here I would like to discuss two courses that had a profound impact on me and I believe that through the knowledge and skills I have acquired while studying them it will benefit me tremendously when I apply the techniques, knowledge, methodologies to my future educational environment. The two courses belong to the Teacher Leadership program. This program helps mentors to develop critical skills, plan, prepare curriculums, motivate, educate and assist staff members, respond to recent technologies, staff and student management. Hence the two courses are EDU 568 Seminar in Teacher Leadership which I took in summer quarter 2013 and the other is EDU 562 Leadership in Global Education which I took in spring quarter 2013. Teachers are basically mentors who not only educate the masses but have positive impact on the wellbeing of the students. Their role is not only to teach and leave the classroom vicinity but to implement the teachings, have an appealing personality, to understand the needs and requirements of the child, to communicate effectively so that an active mechanism is generated which allows student and teacher interaction. Most of the times teachers forget their duties or get too busy with making money that they forget the purpose and divinity of this job. The role of seminar in teaching leadership thus arises. It is said that â€Å"This is the approach taken by teachers who lead diverse students to great academic achievements." (Farr, 2010). Teachers need to be equipped in leadership education in order to bridge the achievement gap and to relate to new techniques which can pave their way to better techniques, methods and teaching styles. Seminar in Teacher leadership aids you in various respects and provides knowledge about how to deploy leadership in diverse areas of education tha t is bringing about positive reforms in educational environment, plan out and develop curriculum, design innovative methods for assessment, finance and budget out events and educational needs, teach classroom management, teamwork, collaborate and work together for better results, integrate with recent technologies and researches and work positively for individual and collective development in all aspects. Thus by learning about all these aspects will not only benefit me as a teacher but will also help me to act as a leader and bring out positive reforms in my work environment. Leadership is very important as it helps to rejuvenate the forces and provide solution, manage and respond to any issue that might strike the productivity level. This course will not only make a better teacher but will also make me an effective trainer in various respects. My other choice of course which is somehow related to my previous course is Leadership in Global education. Global education is a very impo rtant subject having its own defined significance and importance. Global education acts like a bond which unites various races, cultures, casts and creed on a single platform showing interdependence of the human society. It not only helps to develop understanding of